Roundtable discussion analyzing how quantum technologies are redefining the global geopolitical balance. The ability of quantum computers to overcome the limitations of classical computing, together with advances in cryptography and high-precision sensors, poses new strategic implications for security, economy, and technological sovereignty. The world’s major powers are competing to lead this revolution, investing massively in research and the control of quantum infrastructures. The session will address the risks of a new global technological divide, the associated ethical and political challenges, and the role of research institutions in this context. The debate invites reflection on whether this second quantum revolution will be as transformative as the first.